The letter value of a letter is its position in the alphabet starting from 0 (i.e. 'a' -> 0, 'b' -> 1, 'c' -> 2, etc.).

The numerical value of some string of lowercase English letters s is the concatenation of the letter values of each letter in s, which is then converted into an integer.

• For example, if s = "acb", we concatenate each letter's letter value, resulting in "021". After converting it, we get 21.

You are given three strings firstWord, secondWord, and targetWord, each consisting of lowercase English letters 'a' through 'j' inclusive.

Return true if the summation of the numerical values of firstWord and secondWord equals the numerical value of targetWord, or false otherwise.

Example 1:

Input: firstWord = "acb", secondWord = "cba", targetWord = "cdb"
Output: true
Explanation:
The numerical value of firstWord is "acb" -> "021" -> 21.
The numerical value of secondWord is "cba" -> "210" -> 210.
The numerical value of targetWord is "cdb" -> "231" -> 231.
We return true because 21 + 210 == 231.

Example 2:

Input: firstWord = "aaa", secondWord = "a", targetWord = "aab"
Output: false
Explanation: 
The numerical value of firstWord is "aaa" -> "000" -> 0.
The numerical value of secondWord is "a" -> "0" -> 0.
The numerical value of targetWord is "aab" -> "001" -> 1.
We return false because 0 + 0 != 1.

Example 3:

Input: firstWord = "aaa", secondWord = "a", targetWord = "aab"
Output: false
Explanation: 
The numerical value of firstWord is "aaa" -> "000" -> 0.
The numerical value of secondWord is "a" -> "0" -> 0.
The numerical value of targetWord is "aab" -> "001" -> 1.
We return false because 0 + 0 != 1.

Constraints:

• 1 <= firstWord.length, secondWord.length, targetWord.length <= 8
• firstWord, secondWord, and targetWord consist of lowercase English letters from 'a' to 'j' inclusive.

题意：字母的 字母值 取决于字母在字母表中的位置，从 0 开始 计数。即，‘a’ -> 0、‘b’ -> 1、‘c’ -> 2，以此类推。

对某个由小写字母组成的字符串 s 而言，其 数值 就等于将 s 中每个字母的 字母值 按顺序 连接 并 转换 成对应整数。

给你三个字符串 firstWord、secondWord 和 targetWord ，每个字符串都由从 'a' 到 'j' （含 'a' 和 'j' ）的小写英文字母组成。如果 firstWord 和 secondWord 的 数值之和 等于 targetWord 的数值，返回 true ；否则，返回 false 。

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解法 遍历字符串

class Solution {
public:
    bool isSumEqual(string firstWord, string secondWord, string targetWord) {
        auto f = [&](const string &s) -> int {
            int sum = 0;
            for (const char &c : s) sum = sum * 10 + (c - 'a');
            return sum;
        };
        return f(firstWord) + f(secondWord) == f(targetWord);
    }
};

运行效率如下：

执行用时：0 ms, 在所有 C++ 提交中击败了100.00% 的用户
内存消耗：5.8 MB, 在所有 C++ 提交中击败了68.00% 的用户