详解Curl各参数的含义

详解Curl各参数的含义

- 1. Introduction
- 2. Detail
- - 2.1 参数-k
  - 2.2 参数-X
  - 2.3 参数-x
  - 2.4 参数-w %{http_code}
  - 2.5 参数-d
  - 2.6 参数-H
  - 2.7 参数-F
  - 2.8 参数-O
  - 2.9 参数-o
  - 2.10 参数-u
  - 2.11 参数-b
  - 2.12 参数-G
- 3. Awakening

在这里插入图片描述

1. Introduction

[root@nolan ~]# curl -h
Usage: curl [options...] <url>
Options: (H) means HTTP/HTTPS only, (F) means FTP only--anyauth       Pick "any" authentication method (H)-a, --append        Append to target file when uploading (F/SFTP)--basic         Use HTTP Basic Authentication (H)--cacert FILE   CA certificate to verify peer against (SSL)--capath DIR    CA directory to verify peer against (SSL)-E, --cert CERT[:PASSWD] Client certificate file and password (SSL)--cert-type TYPE Certificate file type (DER/PEM/ENG) (SSL)--ciphers LIST  SSL ciphers to use (SSL)--compressed    Request compressed response (using deflate or gzip)-K, --config FILE   Specify which config file to read--connect-timeout SECONDS  Maximum time allowed for connection-C, --continue-at OFFSET  Resumed transfer offset-b, --cookie STRING/FILE  String or file to read cookies from (H)-c, --cookie-jar FILE  Write cookies to this file after operation (H)--create-dirs   Create necessary local directory hierarchy--crlf          Convert LF to CRLF in upload--crlfile FILE  Get a CRL list in PEM format from the given file-d, --data DATA     HTTP POST data (H)--data-ascii DATA  HTTP POST ASCII data (H)--data-binary DATA  HTTP POST binary data (H)--data-urlencode DATA  HTTP POST data url encoded (H)--delegation STRING GSS-API delegation permission--digest        Use HTTP Digest Authentication (H)--disable-eprt  Inhibit using EPRT or LPRT (F)--disable-epsv  Inhibit using EPSV (F)-D, --dump-header FILE  Write the headers to this file--egd-file FILE  EGD socket path for random data (SSL)--engine ENGINGE  Crypto engine (SSL). "--engine list" for list-f, --fail          Fail silently (no output at all) on HTTP errors (H)-F, --form CONTENT  Specify HTTP multipart POST data (H)--form-string STRING  Specify HTTP multipart POST data (H)--ftp-account DATA  Account data string (F)--ftp-alternative-to-user COMMAND  String to replace "USER [name]" (F)--ftp-create-dirs  Create the remote dirs if not present (F)--ftp-method [MULTICWD/NOCWD/SINGLECWD] Control CWD usage (F)--ftp-pasv      Use PASV/EPSV instead of PORT (F)-P, --ftp-port ADR  Use PORT with given address instead of PASV (F)--ftp-skip-pasv-ip Skip the IP address for PASV (F)--ftp-pret      Send PRET before PASV (for drftpd) (F)--ftp-ssl-ccc   Send CCC after authenticating (F)--ftp-ssl-ccc-mode ACTIVE/PASSIVE  Set CCC mode (F)--ftp-ssl-control Require SSL/TLS for ftp login, clear for transfer (F)-G, --get           Send the -d data with a HTTP GET (H)-g, --globoff       Disable URL sequences and ranges using {} and []-H, --header LINE   Custom header to pass to server (H)-I, --head          Show document info only-h, --help          This help text--hostpubmd5 MD5  Hex encoded MD5 string of the host public key. (SSH)-0, --http1.0       Use HTTP 1.0 (H)--ignore-content-length  Ignore the HTTP Content-Length header-i, --include       Include protocol headers in the output (H/F)-k, --insecure      Allow connections to SSL sites without certs (H)--interface INTERFACE  Specify network interface/address to use-4, --ipv4          Resolve name to IPv4 address-6, --ipv6          Resolve name to IPv6 address-j, --junk-session-cookies Ignore session cookies read from file (H)--keepalive-time SECONDS  Interval between keepalive probes--key KEY       Private key file name (SSL/SSH)--key-type TYPE Private key file type (DER/PEM/ENG) (SSL)--krb LEVEL     Enable Kerberos with specified security level (F)--libcurl FILE  Dump libcurl equivalent code of this command line--limit-rate RATE  Limit transfer speed to this rate-l, --list-only     List only names of an FTP directory (F)--local-port RANGE  Force use of these local port numbers-L, --location      Follow redirects (H)--location-trusted like --location and send auth to other hosts (H)-M, --manual        Display the full manual--mail-from FROM  Mail from this address--mail-rcpt TO  Mail to this receiver(s)--mail-auth AUTH  Originator address of the original email--max-filesize BYTES  Maximum file size to download (H/F)--max-redirs NUM  Maximum number of redirects allowed (H)-m, --max-time SECONDS  Maximum time allowed for the transfer--metalink      Process given URLs as metalink XML file--negotiate     Use HTTP Negotiate Authentication (H)-n, --netrc         Must read .netrc for user name and password--netrc-optional Use either .netrc or URL; overrides -n--netrc-file FILE  Set up the netrc filename to use-N, --no-buffer     Disable buffering of the output stream--no-keepalive  Disable keepalive use on the connection--no-sessionid  Disable SSL session-ID reusing (SSL)--noproxy       List of hosts which do not use proxy--ntlm          Use HTTP NTLM authentication (H)-o, --output FILE   Write output to <file> instead of stdout--pass PASS     Pass phrase for the private key (SSL/SSH)--post301       Do not switch to GET after following a 301 redirect (H)--post302       Do not switch to GET after following a 302 redirect (H)--post303       Do not switch to GET after following a 303 redirect (H)-#, --progress-bar  Display transfer progress as a progress bar--proto PROTOCOLS  Enable/disable specified protocols--proto-redir PROTOCOLS  Enable/disable specified protocols on redirect-x, --proxy [PROTOCOL://]HOST[:PORT] Use proxy on given port--proxy-anyauth Pick "any" proxy authentication method (H)--proxy-basic   Use Basic authentication on the proxy (H)--proxy-digest  Use Digest authentication on the proxy (H)--proxy-negotiate Use Negotiate authentication on the proxy (H)--proxy-ntlm    Use NTLM authentication on the proxy (H)-U, --proxy-user USER[:PASSWORD]  Proxy user and password--proxy1.0 HOST[:PORT]  Use HTTP/1.0 proxy on given port-p, --proxytunnel   Operate through a HTTP proxy tunnel (using CONNECT)--pubkey KEY    Public key file name (SSH)-Q, --quote CMD     Send command(s) to server before transfer (F/SFTP)--random-file FILE  File for reading random data from (SSL)-r, --range RANGE   Retrieve only the bytes within a range--raw           Do HTTP "raw", without any transfer decoding (H)-e, --referer       Referer URL (H)-J, --remote-header-name Use the header-provided filename (H)-O, --remote-name   Write output to a file named as the remote file--remote-name-all Use the remote file name for all URLs-R, --remote-time   Set the remote file's time on the local output-X, --request COMMAND  Specify request command to use--resolve HOST:PORT:ADDRESS  Force resolve of HOST:PORT to ADDRESS--retry NUM   Retry request NUM times if transient problems occur--retry-delay SECONDS When retrying, wait this many seconds between each--retry-max-time SECONDS  Retry only within this period-S, --show-error    Show error. With -s, make curl show errors when they occur-s, --silent        Silent mode. Don't output anything--socks4 HOST[:PORT]  SOCKS4 proxy on given host + port--socks4a HOST[:PORT]  SOCKS4a proxy on given host + port--socks5 HOST[:PORT]  SOCKS5 proxy on given host + port--socks5-basic  Enable username/password auth for SOCKS5 proxies--socks5-gssapi Enable GSS-API auth for SOCKS5 proxies--socks5-hostname HOST[:PORT] SOCKS5 proxy, pass host name to proxy--socks5-gssapi-service NAME  SOCKS5 proxy service name for gssapi--socks5-gssapi-nec  Compatibility with NEC SOCKS5 server-Y, --speed-limit RATE  Stop transfers below speed-limit for 'speed-time' secs-y, --speed-time SECONDS  Time for trig speed-limit abort. Defaults to 30--ssl           Try SSL/TLS (FTP, IMAP, POP3, SMTP)--ssl-reqd      Require SSL/TLS (FTP, IMAP, POP3, SMTP)-2, --sslv2         Use SSLv2 (SSL)-3, --sslv3         Use SSLv3 (SSL)--ssl-allow-beast Allow security flaw to improve interop (SSL)--stderr FILE   Where to redirect stderr. - means stdout--tcp-nodelay   Use the TCP_NODELAY option-t, --telnet-option OPT=VAL  Set telnet option--tftp-blksize VALUE  Set TFTP BLKSIZE option (must be >512)-z, --time-cond TIME  Transfer based on a time condition-1, --tlsv1         Use => TLSv1 (SSL)--tlsv1.0       Use TLSv1.0 (SSL)--tlsv1.1       Use TLSv1.1 (SSL)--tlsv1.2       Use TLSv1.2 (SSL)--tlsv1.3       Use TLSv1.3 (SSL)--tls-max VERSION  Use TLS up to VERSION (SSL)--trace FILE    Write a debug trace to the given file--trace-ascii FILE  Like --trace but without the hex output--trace-time    Add time stamps to trace/verbose output--tr-encoding   Request compressed transfer encoding (H)-T, --upload-file FILE  Transfer FILE to destination--url URL       URL to work with-B, --use-ascii     Use ASCII/text transfer-u, --user USER[:PASSWORD]  Server user and password--tlsuser USER  TLS username--tlspassword STRING TLS password--tlsauthtype STRING  TLS authentication type (default SRP)--unix-socket FILE    Connect through this UNIX domain socket-A, --user-agent STRING  User-Agent to send to server (H)-v, --verbose       Make the operation more talkative-V, --version       Show version number and quit-w, --write-out FORMAT  What to output after completion--xattr        Store metadata in extended file attributes-q                 If used as the first parameter disables .curlrc

2. Detail

2.1 参数-k

在发送https请求时，加上-k参数，否则会有如下证书的报错
curl -k https://www.baidu.com/

2.2 参数-X

指定请求方法，如POST、GET等
curl -k -X POST https://www.baidu.com
curl -k -X GET https://XX -H ‘Cookie: session=eyJfcGVybWFuZW50IjpmYWxzZSwidXNlciI6eyJpZCI6MSwibmFtZSI6ImFkbWluIn19.YPovOg.oOLrM4Xgfs0qtw8-m4NxYLrpPks’

2.3 参数-x

指定访问IP与端口号
curl -k -x 192.168.4.12:80 https://www.baidu.com

2.4 参数-w %{http_code}

返回值带上http响应码
curl -k -w %{http_code} -X POST https://www.baidu.com
curl -k -w %{time_connect}:%{time_starttransfer}:%{time_total} -X POST https://www.baidu.com

2.5 参数-d

请求body(内容需要用单引号括起来)
curl -k -w %{http_code} -X POST https://www.baidu.com -d ‘body内容’

2.6 参数-H

添加header内容
curl -k -w %{http_code} -X POST https://www.baidu.com -d ‘body内容’ -H ‘header内容’
curl -H “Content-Type:application/json” -X POST -d ‘{“operator”: “killianxu”,“place_type”:“tt”}’ https://www.baidu.com

2.7 参数-F

body带文件
curl -k -X POST https://www.baidu.com -F ‘file=@file_path’

2.8 参数-O

将服务器回应保存成文件，并将 URL 的最后部分当作文件名
curl -O http://www.baidu.com/index.html

2.9 参数-o

将服务器的回应保存成文件，等同于wget命令
curl -o example.html http://www.baidu.com

2.10 参数-u

curl提交用户名和密码
curl http://name:passwd@www.baidu.com
curl -u name:passwd http://www.baidu.com

2.11 参数-b

携带cookie的请求
和参数-H功能差不多
curl -b ‘session=D0112A5063D938586B659EF8F939BE24’ http://www.baidu.com

2.12 参数-G

用来构造 URL 的查询字符串
https://google.com/search?q=kitties&count=20
curl -G -d ‘q=kitties’ -d ‘count=20’ https://google.com/search
如果数据需要 URL 编码，可以结合–data–urlencode参数
curl -G --data-urlencode ‘comment=hello world’ https://www.example.com